Peroneal veins are blood vessels that run along the outer sides of the legs. These veins are responsible for returning deoxygenated blood from the lower legs to the heart. When these veins become inflamed, it can lead to a condition known as peroneal vein phlebitis or thrombophlebitis. This condition can cause pain, swelling, and other uncomfortable symptoms.
In this article, we will explore the location, function, causes, symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and treatment options for peroneal vein phlebitis and thrombophlebitis.
LOCATION AND FUNCTION OF THE PERONEAL VEIN
The peroneal vein runs along the outer sides of the legs and is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart. It is one of the major veins in the leg and can be divided into two sections, the superficial and deep peroneal veins.
The superficial peroneal vein is located just beneath the skin’s surface and is responsible for carrying blood from the outer part of the foot and lower leg. The deep peroneal vein, on the other hand, runs deep within the muscles of the leg and is responsible for returning blood from the muscles.
CAUSES OF PERONEAL VEIN PHLEBITIS AND THROMBOPHLEBITIS
Peroneal vein phlebitis and thrombophlebitis can be caused by several factors, including:
- Trauma to the leg, such as a fracture or injury, that can cause damage to the vein.
- Prolonged immobility, such as long periods of sitting or standing, can cause blood to pool in the legs and increase the risk of blood clots.
- Obesity, as excess weight can put pressure on the veins in the legs and increase the risk of inflammation.
- Smoking, which can damage the walls of the veins and increase the risk of blood clots.
- Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy or menopause, can increase the risk of blood clots.
THE UNDERLYING SYMPTOMS
The symptoms of peroneal vein phlebitis and thrombophlebitis can include:
- Pain, tenderness, and swelling along the outer side of the leg.
- Redness and warmth around the affected area.
- The development of a firm, tender, and painful lump.
- Difficulty moving the leg, especially when walking or bending.
COMPLICATIONS OF PERONEAL VEIN PHLEBITIS AND THROMBOPHLEBITIS
If left untreated, peroneal vein phlebitis and thrombophlebitis can lead to complications, including:
- The development of a blood clot, which can break off and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism.
- Chronic pain and swelling in the affected leg.
- Skin discoloration and ulceration around the affected area.
DIAGNOSIS OF PERONEAL VEIN PHLEBITIS AND THROMBOPHLEBITIS
To diagnose peroneal vein phlebitis and thrombophlebitis, your doctor will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms and medical history. They may also order imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or CT scan, to look for blood clots or other signs of inflammation in the affected vein.
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TREATMENT OPTIONS
Treatment options for peroneal vein phlebitis and thrombophlebitis can include:
- Medications, such as anticoagulants, to prevent blood clots from forming.
- Compression stockings or bandages to reduce swelling and improve blood flow.
- Rest and elevation of the affected leg to reduce pain and swelling.
- Surgery, in rare cases.
- Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, losing weight, and getting regular exercise, to reduce the risk of developing phlebitis or thrombophlebitis in the future.
Patients who are prescribed blood thinning medications like WARFARIN (COUMADIN) typically need to monitor their PT/INR levels regularly to ensure they are within the therapeutic range. The process of monitoring these levels has become more convenient through the use of PT/INR METERS. PATIENT SELF TESTING’S technology allows individuals to perform their own blood tests using a simple device and obtain accurate readings within seconds.